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Amidated Peptide Synthesis

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Amidation refers to the process of converting a carboxyl group that can be protonated or deprotonated into an amide group. The half-life of peptides modified by amidation is prolonged. In addition, amidated peptides are less sensitive to changes in physiological pH. The C-terminus of amidated peptides can bind tightly to their transmembrane GPCRs, thereby enhancing signal transduction. CD Formulation can provide customers with peptide amidation services according to different needs. Our common services include the design, synthesis, and purification of amidated peptides.

What is Amidation?

Amide modification weaves a fascinating narrative in the realm of peptide chemistry. This modification, wherein the C-terminal carboxyl is transmuted into a carboxamide, precipitates the removal of the negative charges emblematic of carboxylic acids. This newly minted carboxamide, a clever mimic of the original protein's structure, engages in hydrogen bonding that deftly bolsters its resilience against the relentless onslaught of carboxypeptidases. The outcome is a marked enhancement in stability, a vital attribute in the unpredictable landscape of biochemical interactions.

Fig. 1 C-terminal amidation of peptides. Fig. 1 Enzymatic C-terminal amidation of peptides. (Nuijens T, et al., 2012)

Explore Our Custom Amidated Peptide Synthesis Services

CD Formulation offers unparalleled amidated peptide synthesis services that reach far across the globe. Our cutting-edge synthesis protocols, coupled with state-of-the-art peptide analytical techniques, empower us to tackle almost any conundrum that surfaces in the intricate realms of peptide therapeutic development and production.

In our peptide synthesis laboratory, amidation modification finds its most common application at the C-terminus of the polypeptide chain. Much like the nuanced act of N-terminal acetylation, this process of C-terminal amidation transcends mere chemistry—it crafts biomimetic structures that closely parallel the complexity of natural proteins, thus ushering in a new era of heightened stability and biological relevance.

Our amidated peptide synthesis services include but are not limited to:

Amidated Peptide Design

Our team enhances the overall stability of the amidated peptide by adjusting the composition of different amino acids in the peptide sequence.

Amidated Peptide Synthesis

We mainly use solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) to load different N-substituted glycine residues onto the substrate peptide, and then hydrolyze under standard SPPS cleavage conditions to obtain the desired amidated product.

Amidated Peptide Purification

Our scientists mainly use reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) to enrich and purify peptides.

Our Synthetic Method for Amidated Peptide

Method	Features
Direct Amidation Method	This process is usually carried out in a solvent, and the reaction conditions, such as temperature and pH, need to be controlled to optimize the yield of the product.
Solid Phase Synthesis Method (SPPS)	This method has the advantages of high efficiency and simplicity and is often used for the synthesis of longer peptides.
Enzymatic Synthesis	This method can be carried out under specific conditions and usually has high selectivity and product purity.
Liquid Phase Synthesis Method (LPPS)	This method uses milder reaction conditions to reduce the impact on the environment. Such reactions often require suitable catalysts.

Amidated Peptide Highlights

Elevated Intracellular Infiltration: We strongly advocate deploying these remarkable peptides for intricate intracellular investigations, dynamic in vivo assays, and nuanced in vitro functional assessments.
Exceptional Metabolic Stability: These peptides exhibit formidable stability, showcasing an impressive resistance against enzymatic degradation by aminopeptidases, terminases, and synthetases.
Amplification of Peptide Hormonal Efficacy: Not only do these peptides boost the potency of peptide hormones, but they also significantly prolong their viability, ensuring extended functionality.

Peptide Manufacturing & Analytical Services

In addition to peptide synthesis capabilities, CD Formulation combines flexible GMP manufacturing facilities with cutting-edge peptide analytical knowledge to provide a full range of quality control testing services to accelerate the commercialization of your products, including:

Peptide identification (ESI-MS).
Peptide Molecular weight determination.
Peptide sequencing.
Peptide quantification/peptide content determination.
Peptide purity and impurity analysis (HPLC/UV).
Amino acid sequence.
Amino acid composition determination.
Net peptide content.

Enantiomeric purity testing (GC/MS; LC).
Residual counterion testing (e.g. TFA).
Elemental analysis.
Residual solvent testing.
Water content testing (GC or KF).
Peptide solubility testing.
Peptide stability testing.

Optical rotation determination.
Bioburden testing(TAMC/TYMC).
Bacterial endotoxin testing.
Sterility testing.
Cytotoxicity testing.
Process/product related impurity testing.
Other pharmacopoeia testing.

Publication

Published Data

Technology: C-Terminal Amidation

Journal: Iran J Pharm Res.

IF: 1.8

Published: 2016

Results:

The authors have conjured forth an innovative and remarkably efficient strategy for the amidation of C-terminal peptides. A new biologically active nocistatin C-terminal hexapeptide with the sequence Glu-Gln-Lys-Gln-Leu-Gln was synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis on the surface of 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin with fmoc-protected amino acids as raw materials and TBTU (O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluranium tetrafluoroborate) as coupling agent. After the addition of TFA (1%), the desired peptide was cleaved from the resin surface to obtain the protected peptide.

Fig. 2 Amidated nocistatin C-terminus peptide. Fig. 2 Total synthesis of amidated nocistatin C-terminus peptide. (Sheikhhosseini E, et al., 2016)

CD Formulation has extensive experience with each amidation modification of peptides. Please don't hesitate to contact us if you are interested in our services, and to learn more about the possibilities of incorporating amidation groups into your peptides. We look forward to cooperating with you.

References

Nuijens T, Piva E, Kruijtzer John A.W. et al. Enzymatic C-terminal amidation of amino acids and peptides.Tetrahedron Letters. 2012; 53(29): 3777-3779.
Sheikhhosseini E, Balalaie S, Bigdeli M. Synthesis of Nocistatin C-terminal and it's Amide Derivatives as an Opioid Peptide. Iran J Pharm Res. 2016 Summer;15(3):337-342.

How It Works

STEP 1

Submit a service request describing your specific research or development need.

STEP 2

We'll email you to provide your quote and confirm order details if applicable.

STEP 3

Execute the project with real-time communication, and deliver the final report promptly.

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