Therapeutic Proteins & Peptides Process Development
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The goal of process development is to design a high-quality product manufacturing process that consistently produces a product of the expected quality level. CD Formulation can provide you with a wide range of process development services to seamlessly transition your therapeutic protein and peptide products to commercial manufacturing. We have extensive expertise in all aspects of upstream and downstream development of protein and peptide drug/product manufacturing processes to assist you with preclinical drug development and manufacturing.
What is Process Development for Protein and Peptide Biopharmaceuticals?
Process development for protein/peptide biopharmaceuticals is usually divided into upstream process (USP) development and downstream process (DP) development. The upstream process aims to produce the desired protein or peptide under cell culture conditions, including the selection of appropriate host cells, culture media and culture conditions. The downstream process aims to purify, structurally analyze, and study the stability of the upstream-produced protein or peptide to obtain high-purity and high-quality preparations.
In USP development, it is necessary to optimize cell culture conditions, including culture media composition, gas control, pH adjustment, etc., which helps to ensure high yield and high quality of the target product. In DP development, separation and purification steps need to be designed and optimized to eliminate impurities and obtain high purity of the target product. Commonly used downstream process steps include cell disruption, solid-liquid separation, chromatography, and gel electrophoresis.
Furthermore, process development for protein/peptide biopharmaceuticals is a complex process. The development of upstream and downstream processes must be combined with appropriate analytical methods. Only in this way can the defined product critical quality attributes (CQAs) be accurately determined during process development and optimization.
Fig. 1 Therapeutic protein/peptide process development stage. (CD Formulation)
Explore Our Therapeutic Proteins & Peptides Process Development Services
CD Formulation is an expert in process development for therapeutic proteins and peptides. Our process development capabilities include process development at any stage from upstream cell line development to downstream formulation process development, scale-up and transfer services, analytical testing services through process analytical technology (PAT), and product chemistry, manufacturing and control (CMC) regulatory approval.
With decades of process development experience and a deep understanding of different customer needs, we provide efficient and cost-effective process development packages, including cell culture process development, fermentation process development, peptide synthesis process development, downstream purification process development, formulation, and formulation process development.
- Recombinant stable cell line development.
- Overexpression cell line development.
- CHO stable cell line development.
- Reporter gene cell line development.
- Material preparation and cell pool evaluation.
- Monoclonal evaluation and culture medium screening.
- Laboratory (3L) scale reaction process optimization.
- Pilot (15L) scale process development.
- Process scale-up and transfer.
- Identify or design fermentation strains that match industrial fermentation strains relevant to protein drug production.
- Media development and optimization.
- Batch and fed-batch fermentation development.
- Optimization of laboratory-scale fed-batch strategies.
- Small-scale characterization and process characterization.
- Scale-up and technology transfer of fermentation processes.
- Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) process development.
- Liquid-phase peptide synthesis (LPPS) process development.
- Mixed-phase peptide synthesis process development.
- Virus inactivation and clearance step development.
- Protein purification using various chromatography techniques (from 1mL to 100mL).
- Protein concentration (normal and tangential flow filtration).
- Clarification process development.
- Large-scale process validation using AKTA Ready and AKTA pilot.
- Harvesting (centrifugation, depth filtration) and cell disruption.
- Ultrafiltration and diafiltration.
- Process scale-up and technology transfer.
- Evaluation of biophysical and biochemical properties of peptides to guide downstream process development and optimization.
- Purification of synthetic peptides by solid phase extraction (SPE).
- Purification of synthetic peptides by preparative liquid chromatography.
- Process scale-up and rapid technology transfer to cGMP production scale.
- Peptide purification at different scales using various chromatographic techniques.
- Small-scale process characterization and scale-down validation studies.
- Process characterization, process optimization, and process validation for late-stage clinical programs.
- High-throughput screening of formulation buffer systems and excipients.
- Conduct comparative research on different formulations through DOE design to quickly select the best formulation
- Development, optimization, confirmation, and scale-up of freeze-drying formulations and freeze-drying processes.
- Development, optimization, confirmation, and scale-up of spray drying processes.
- Selection, compatibility study, and integrity testing of drug container systems such as packaging materials and packaging.
- Development of related processes during batching and filling.
- Development of pre-filling related processes.
- Development of aseptic filling processes.
- Sterile filtration research.
- Process development adapted to each stage.
- Long-term, accelerated, influencing factors, compatibility, and other stability studies in accordance with ICH guidelines.
- Technology transfer and process scale-up.
- Process parameter risk assessment.
- Identification of critical quality attributes (CQAs).
- Model building.
- Identification of critical process parameters (CPP).
- Multi-factorial design of experiments (DoE) study of process parameters.
- Virus clearance validation.
- Process characterization study.
- Cell culture process validation.
- Purification process validation.
- Impurity challenge study, risk assessment.
- Material compatibility study.
- Analytical method validation.
- Release testing.
- ICH stability study.
- Cell line culture and fermentation process scale-up.
- Peptide synthesis process scale-up.
- Downstream purification process scale-up.
- Formulation process scale-up.
- Technology transfer from protein and peptide R&D to production.
- Technology transfer from protein and peptide R&D to quality control (QC).
Our services are customized. You can choose a single model or request a one-stop process development service from laboratory scale to commercial production.
How Do We Perform Process Development Services?
Our upstream and downstream process development for therapeutic proteins and peptides is based on the concept of Quality by Design (QbD). Using our scalable upstream cell development, culture, fermentation, and downstream purification technology platforms, we are able to develop processes with excellent quality and high yield successfully.
Our scientists use a laboratory-scale 3L bioreactor platform for robust process development, which can be scaled up to pilot and commercial 25L and 20000L to support the rapid filing of IND projects. We also provide a full range of process characterization services to support process validation.
Fig. 2 Implementation of QbD approach for the production of therapeutic drugs. (Gupta SK, et al.,)
Upstream and Downstream Process Development
- In this stage, we screen, select, and combine downstream processing technologies, using a systematic development path to achieve a process of required quality within an acceptable time.
- Identify quality attributes and criticality assessments.
Upstream and Downstream Process Optimization
- Use statistical tools to design and analyze data (DoE method) to establish optimal conditions for process variables.
- Improve productivity.
Process Characterization and Design Space Establishment
- Risk assessment to identify potentially critical process parameters (CPPs), statistical design of experiments (DoE), and studies to evaluate unit operation relevance.
- Categorize process parameters according to their criticality to define appropriate acceptable operating ranges.
- The obtained process and product information are used for design space approval and the definition of the impact of the manufacturing process on CQA variations, hence for the definition of testing and monitoring strategies.
Upstream and Downstream Process Scale-up
- The process platform developed at the laboratory scale will be scaled up to the pilot and commercial production scales.
- Proof of process reproducibility and consistency evaluation.
- Establish process monitoring strategies to identify CQAs of protein and peptide products, including primary structure, higher order structure, post-translational modifications, heterogeneity analysis, antigen binding activity, cytotoxicity, etc.
- Demonstrate batch-to-batch consistency.
Why Choose Us for Therapeutic Proteins & Peptides Process Development?
- We have a team of experts in microbiology, fermentation engineering, formulation science, and protein chemists who can develop and optimize the entire upstream and downstream processes.
- We have a high-yield cell line development and continuous perfusion culture cell culture platform recognized and validated by global regulatory agencies, which can meet the culture process development of protein molecules with different properties.
- We have established a mature upstream and downstream process platform, combined with advanced in-process control analysis technology, to tailor the appropriate process for customers.
- We have multiple successful cases of technology transfer and scale-up to 20,000L commercial scale.
- Our process development laboratory is equipped with complete development equipment and testing platforms, including high-throughput Ambr micro-bioreactors and multi-specification small-scale bioreactors.
- We provide flexible experimental options to meet the needs of different customers.
Publication
Published Data
Technology: Vaccine process development.
Journal: Front Bioeng Biotechnol.
IF: 4.3
Published: 2023
Results:
The authors developed a single process for producing two key COVID-19 vaccine antigens: SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) monomer and dimer. RBD (319-541)-His6 was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells, oligoclones were generated and characterized, and the best RBD-producing clone was selected. The RBD was purified using standard immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC), ion exchange chromatography, and size exclusion chromatography, and the purified RBD antigen was fully analyzed, including primary structure, protein integrity, N-glycosylation, size, purity, secondary and tertiary structure, isomeric composition, hydrophobicity, and long-term stability.
CD Formulation understands the importance of developing a robust and reliable manufacturing process for your therapeutic proteins and peptides. Our goal is to assist you with process development and optimization, scale-up, technology transfer, and process validation to ensure that your product is manufactured efficiently and meets all regulatory requirements. Please don't hesitate to contact us if you are interested in our services. We look forward to cooperating with you.
References
- Zhu MM, Mollet M, Hubert RS, et al. Industrial Production of Therapeutic Proteins: Cell Lines, Cell Culture, and Purification. Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology. 2017 May 3:1639–69.
- Gupta SK, Shukla P. Sophisticated Cloning, Fermentation, and Purification Technologies for an Enhanced Therapeutic Protein Production: A Review. Front Pharmacol. 2017, 8:419.
- Rathore AS. Roadmap for implementation of quality by design (QbD) for biotechnology products. Trends Biotechnol. 2009, 27(9):546-53.
- Boggiano-Ayo T, Palacios-Oliva J, Lozada-Chang S, et al. Development of a scalable single process for producing SARS-CoV-2 RBD monomer and dimer vaccine antigens. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023 Nov 17;11:1287551.
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